On-duty actions must reflect multiple factors that bear upon standards of law enforcers provided by Federal and Wisconsin authorities:

The Bill of Rights Amendments 

Rule of Law
The term “rule of law” implies all persons, institutions, and government employees are accountable to laws that are put into effect by official proclamation.

Oath of Office
An oath of office is taken as an agreement to maintain standards imposed by Constitutions of State and Federal governments.  Violating an oath of office in Wisconsin is covered in Wis Leg Chapter 946.

Standards of Conduct
The Wisconsin Ethics Commission administers and enforces Wisconsin’s Code of Ethics for Public Officials covered in Wis. Stat. § 19.41-19.59 and other statutes. 

Code of Ethics
The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) provides a Code of Ethics applying to officers nationwide.

Serves as standards of conduct officers are sworn to uphold, and violations can lead to disciplinary action.

Due Process
Guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Wisconsin Constitution, law enforcers are required constitutionally to consider due process while interacting with citizens.  Suspects are granted due process throughout criminal events.

Unreasonable Searches & Seizures
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures is granted to the public in the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and Wisconsin Constitution Articles 1 & 11.  Showing an officer had no evidence that disqualified fourth amendment protection serves as a credible element for defense or prosecution.  Note, privacy rights differ when the concept of protecting the public becomes part of the equation.

Open View
The concepts of “open view” and “passive investigation” apply since both rely on analyzing readily available, existing, or voluntarily provided information.  Officers cannot intercede upon another’s personal activity by stopping or arresting a person, or entering private property until after obtaining evidence granting the right to exude lawful authority.